Saturday, August 4, 2018

128 Bibles That DO NOT Render John 1:1c as "the Word was God"


PLEASE CLICK HERE FOR UPDATED INFORMATION

This book by Grzegorz Kaszynski [128 translations not rendering theos en ho logos as “the Word was God” (John 1:1)] can be viewed on Scribd by clicking here.

This page will be updated frequently as new additions are found.

UPDATE: This book is now 145 translations, and it can be viewed online by clicking here.

This page will be updated frequently as new additions are found.

You can also download this book by clicking here

Friday, August 3, 2018

Richard Carrier and Robert Ingersoll on Hell


So alien and scary are many Christians to me, that they do not even know they are being wicked when they are trying to be kind. By this I refer to the second lamest argument ever made: "There will be a 'time',"  one thoughtful would-be savior of mine wrote, "when we will all have all the 'evidence' we need to prove our beliefs correct or wrong. By then it may be too late." This was the kindest way it was put by dozens of Christians ("I will dance with glee in Heaven as you roast in Hell!" said another). It surprises me that for all this man's devotion and sincerity, he somehow missed the most important lesson any man can learn: threats are the hallmark of a wicked creed. A God who would create a hell, or allow any good person to fall there by mere error, would be a wicked god by  definition, and anyone who admired such a god would be just as wicked, and therefore those Christians who do so are truly frightening. They have taken evil and called it good, under the banner of self-righteousness, and by this they justify the most horrible ideas and wishes and then have the gall to pretend they believe in love." R. Carrier

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Robert G Ingersoll:

The doctrine that future happiness depends upon belief is monstrous. It is the infamy of infamies. The notion that faith in Christ is to be rewarded by an eternity of bliss, while a dependence upon reason, observation and experience merits everlasting pain, is too absurd for refutation, and can be relieved only by that unhappy mixture of insanity and ignorance, called "faith." What man, who ever thinks, can believe that blood can appease God? And yet, our entire system of religion is based upon that belief. The Jews pacified Jehovah with the blood of animals, and according to the Christian system, the blood of Jesus softened the heart of God a little, and rendered possible the salvation of a fortunate few. It is hard to conceive how the human mind can give assent to such terrible ideas, or how any sane man can read the Bible and still believe in the doctrine of inspiration.

If there is a God who will damn his children forever, I would rather go to hell than to go to heaven and keep the society of such an infamous tyrant. I make my choice now. I despise that doctrine. It has covered the cheeks of this world with tears. It has polluted the hearts of children, and poisoned the imaginations of men.... What right have you, sir, Mr. clergyman, you, minister of the gospel to stand at the portals of the tomb, at the vestibule of eternity, and fill the future with horror and with fear? I do not believe this doctrine, neither do you. If you did, you could not sleep one moment. Any man who believes it, and has within his breast a decent, throbbing heart, will go insane. A man who believes that doctrine and does not go insane has the heart of a snake and the conscience of a hyena.

Nothing could add to the horror of hell, except the presence of its creator, God. While I have life, as long as I draw breath, I shall deny with all my strength, and hate with every drop of my blood, this infinite lie.

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In Fundamentalism: Hazards and Heartbreaks, page 70-71, the authors raise a good point on the issue of Hell:

“It is difficult to see the point and the morality of endlessly torturing people.  Pain is presumptively bad, and it is desirable only when the infliction of it is necessary for a greater good, such as reforming criminals or deterring potential criminals from crime. Endless torture, however, is not designed to reform people, nor is the threat of it necessarily effective at deterring people from harming others.  Torture, war, corruption, and murder were rampant, for example, throughout the Middle Ages, when people were filled with the belief in, and fear of, Hell.  Indeed, the belief in Hell has, in itself, often yielded persecution, torture, and murder……. Morally speaking, almost any other treatment of the wicked is preferable to endless torture, in which finite crimes receive infinite punishment.  Even the annihilation of the unsaved would be less morally objectionable than an endless Hell.”

The Present of Past Action and John 8:58


PPA, or Present of Past Action is the construction we find at John 8:58.

From ERNEST DE WITT BURTON
Former Professor at the University of Chicago

MOODS AND TENSES
OF NEW TESTAMENT GREEK

17. THE PRESENT OF PAST ACTION STILL IN PROGRESS. The Present Indicative, accompanied by an adverbial expression denoting duration and referring to past time, is sometimes used in Greek, as in German, to describe an action which, beginning in past time, is still in progress at the time of speaking. English idiom requires the use of the Perfect in such cases. HA. 826; G. 1258.

Acts 15:21; MWUSHS GAR EK GENEWN ARCAIWN KATA POLIN TOUS KHRUSSONTAS AUTON, for Moses from generations of old has had in every city them that preached him. See also Luke 13:7, ERCOMAI, 15:29, DOULEUW, John 5:6, ECEI; 2 Tim. 3:15, OIDAS.

This Present is almost always incorrectly rendered in R.V.

Reply - Let us check those examples:

LUKE 13:7 I have come NWT, NASB, NET
I come  RV
I have been coming NJB
I am coming / Concordant

LUKE 15:29 I have slaved NWT, NET, NJB
I have been serving NASB
I serve  RV
Am I slaving / Concordant

JOHN 5:6  had already been NWT
he had been NJB, RV
the man had been NET

2 TIM 3:15
you have known NWT, NJB, NET, RV

Now compare John 8:58:
"I have been" NWT
"I am" RV, NASB, NJB etc.

It seems only the NWT got it right.

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See also: Greek Grammar for Colleges, by Herbert Weir Smyth, New York, 1920, pp. 422-423: “The present, when accompanied by a definite or indefinite expression of past time, is used to express an action begun in the past and continued in the present. The ‘progressive perfect’ is often used in translation. Thus,… I have been long (and am still) wondering.”

A Grammar of New Testament Greek, by J. H. Moulton, Vol. III, by Nigel Turner, Edinburgh, 1963, p. 62, says: “The Present which indicates the continuance of an action during the past and up to the moment of speaking is virtually the same as Perfective, the only difference being that the action is conceived as still in progress . . . It is frequent in the N[ew] T[estament]: Lk 248 137 . . . 1529 . . . Jn 56 858 . . . ”

A Manual Grammar of the Greek New Testament, by Dana and Mantey, MacMillan, 1927, p. 183, says: "Sometimes the progressive present is retroactive in its application, denoting that which has begun in the past and continues into the present. For the want of a better name, we may call it the present of *duration.* This use is generally associated with an adverb of time, and may best be rendered by the English perfect. "Ye have been (present tense) with me from the beginning" John 15:27."

Kenneth L. McKay: "The verb 'to be' is used differently, in what is presumably its basic meaning of 'be in existence', in John 8:58: prin Abraam genesthai ego eimi, which would be most naturally translated 'I have been in existence since before Abraham was born'"

Thursday, August 2, 2018

Antony Flew on HELL


"Throughout the twentieth century teachings about hell have, in at least the mainstream Protestant Churches, been progressively de-emphasized. Indeed the Church of England Commission on Doctrine, reporting in 1995, asserted that 'It is incompatible with the essential Christian affirmation that God is love to say that God brings millions into the world to damn them'. The title of this work, The Mystery of Salvation, is peculiarly apt. For, without the threat of eternal torture, what is the promise of salvation a promise of salvation from? Regrettably, for most of us sinners, the offer of salvation from our sins as such, as opposed the offer of escape from any penalties for committing them, has little appeal. Irreverent unbelievers may be inclined to wonder why it took Protestant Churches so long to recognize openly the incompatibility between an omnipotent love and endless torture, while readers of the present volume will note that Craig persists in a refusal to recognize it.  Thomas Hobbes, who must have devoted a very great deal of his time between the publication of the King James Bible in 1611 and that of his own Leviathan in 1651 to careful critical reading and
rereading of the former work, had a contribution to make here both as a philosopher of religion and as a biblical critic. For, as we have just seen, after arguing in Chapter XXXI of Leviathan, that omnipotent power is its own justification, Hobbes went on to argue that a more careful reading of the New Testament suggests that the Christian hell is not forever:

'And it is said besides in many places [that the wicked] shall go into everlasting fire; and that the worm of conscience never dieth; and all this is comprehended in the word everlasting death, which is
ordinarily interpreted everlasting life in torments. And yet I can find no where that any man shall live in torments everlastingly. Also, it seemeth hard, to say, that God who is the father of mercies; that doth in heaven and earth all that he will; that hath the hearts of all men in his disposing; that worketh in men both to do, and to will; and without whose free gift a man hath neither inclination to good, nor repentance of evil, should punish men's transgressions without any end of time, and with all the extremity of torture, that men can imagine, and more.'"
From _Does God Exist_

A Paraphrase of John 1:1-18


A Paraphrase of John 1:1-18 by Evangelion on http://www.thechristadelphians.org

In the beginning, there was a pattern for everything. 
The pattern was God’s; the pattern was divine. 
The pattern was God’s from the beginning. 

Everything that exists, came from that pattern. There is nothing that exists now, which did not first exist in the mind of God. 
The pattern is both the source of new life and the meaning of life. 
It is a way of being alive in opposition to death, and death cannot overcome it.

God sent a man named John to tell people about the possibilities of this way of being alive so that everybody would trust the agent of God, through whom this new life would come. 
John was not this agent, but he taught people how to recognise the one who was. 
The agent of new life was coming into the world.

To some people, however, this new life is unrecognisable. 
Some who could be expected to see the possibilities of this way of being alive, select death instead. Others embrace life. They trust what God has to offer. 
God made this offer to His entire creation. Its source is heavenly, not earthly.

God is not only the source, but also the meaning of life itself. 
God’s divine pattern was embodied in a man who lived among us. 
No man has seen God literally – but they have seen His only-begotten Son Jesus – the agent of new life, and the representative of God.

Wednesday, August 1, 2018

The Importance of the Septuagint


The Septuagint by William Oscar Emil Oesterley 1914

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One of the results of the Hellenistic Movement, the importance of which cannot be exaggerated, was the Graeco-Jewish literature to which it gave birth. It is impossible to deal here with the whole mass of that literature, even in the most cursory manner, nor is this necessary for our present purpose. We must restrict ourselves in this section to a brief mention of what Schurer calls "the foundation of all Judaeo-Hellenistic culture," namely, the Greek translation of the Hebrew Scriptures, which was the special possession of the Jews of the Dispersion.

The name of this Greek Version of the Bible owes its origin to the legend contained in the so-called Letter of Aristeas, in which an account is given of how Ptolemy II (Philadelphus) desired to have a Greek translation of the Hebrew Book of the Law (i.e., the Pentateuch), and sent to Eleazar, the high-priest in Jerusalem, asking him to send competent scholars to Alexandria who would be able to undertake the task of translation. The high-priest, the account continues, readily responded to this request, and despatched seventy-two learned Jews, each of the twelve tribes being represented by six of them. Ptolemy received them with great honour on their arrival in Alexandria, and entertained them hospitably during the whole of their sojourn. The seventy-two went into retirement to the island of Pharos, opposite Alexandria, where they laboured at the translation. This took seventy-two days; the translation was then delivered to the king, who thereupon ordered the books to be placed in the royal library. The translators, after having been presented with rich gifts, returned to Judaea. This is the legend to which the name Septuagint ("Seventy") owes its origin, a name which has clung to it in spite of its being now generally recognized that the Letter of Aristeas is unhistorical so far as this story is concerned. Who the translators of the Hebrew Bible into Greek were is not known. That the various parts of the Septuagint were not only translated by different authors, but also belong to different ages, is certain. It is quite probable that, so far as the Pentateuch is concerned, the Letter of Aristeas contains a true tradition in ascribing its translation into Greek to about B.C. 280. As to the rest of the books, though the evidence is fragmentary, it may be safely stated that most of them, if not all, were translated before the beginning of the Christian era. Ryle has shown that there is evidence for believing that Philo (about B.C. 20-a.d. 50) utilized all the books of the Greek Old Testament, with the exception of Esther, Ecclesiastes, Song of Songs and Daniel.

This great product of Hellenistic influence upon the Jews is seen to be all the more significant when it is realized that in the fifth century B.C. the Aramaic language, as the recently found Elephantine" papyri show, was the language spoken by the Jews of Egypt; and not only was this the ordinarily spoken language, but it was also that in which literary works were written. Yet in the course of not much more than a century this was displaced by Greek; and even in the synagogues Greek was the language used. For some time, no doubt, though apparently not for very long, the Hebrew Scriptures were translated by word of mouth into Aramaic in the synagogues of the Dispersion; but when this language fell into disuse Greek had to be used; and ultimately it was found necessary to have the Scriptures themselves in Greek.

So far as we are here concerned, the great importance of the Greek Old Testament lies in the fact that it has given us the books of the Apocrypha. Some, such as the books of the Maccabees, continue the record of the nation's history; others are expansions of canonical books, such as the Prayer of Manasses, the Additions to Daniel, Baruch and the Epistle of Jeremy, and the Rest of Esther; while Ecclesiasticus and the Book of Wisdom are additions to the Wisdom Literature of the Jews.

As regards the importance and far-reaching influence of the Septuagint, we cannot do better than quote the words in which Deissmann has so succinctly, and yet so adequately, expressed this: "Take the Septuagint in your hand, and you have before you the book that was the Bible of the Jews of the Dispersion and of the proselytes from the heathen; the Bible of Philo the philosopher, Paul the Apostle, and the earliest Christian missions; the Bible of the whole Greek-speaking Christian world; the mother of influential daughter-versions; the mother of the Greek New Testament."

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Charles C. Ryrie and Karl Keating on the Trinity Doctrine


Professor Charles C. Ryrie, writing in his well known work, Basic Theology, says:

"The N. T. contains no explicit statement of the doctrine of the Trinity of God (since “these three are one” in 1 John 5:7 is apparently not a part of the genuine text of scripture (p. 60). A
definition of the Trinity is not easy to construct. Some are done by stating several propositions. Others err on the side of oneness or threeness (p. 61). Even with all the discussion and delineation that we attempt in relation to the Trinity, we must admit that in the final analysis it is a mystery (p.61). In the second half of the fourth century, three theologians from the province of Cappadocia in eastern Asia Minor gave definitive shape to the doctrine of the Trinity (p.65). But many doctrines are accepted by evangelicals as being clearly taught in the Scripture for which there are no proof texts. The doctrine of the Trinity furnishes the best example of this. It is fair to say that the Bible does not clearly teach the doctrine of the Trinity. In fact, there is not even one proof text, if by proof text we mean a verse or passage that “clearly” states that there is one God who exists in three persons (p. 89). The above illustrations prove the  fallacy of concluding that if something is not proof-texted in the Bible we cannot clearly teach the results … If that were so, I could never teach the doctrine of the Trinity or the deity of Christ or the deity of the Holy Spirit." (p.90)

From: Catholicism and Fundamentalism by Karl Keating, 1988, Ignatiuis Press, pp. 144,145

"Consider the doctrine of the Trinity. It is not present on the face of Scripture, not just in the sense that the word Trinity is never used-its first use was by Theophilus of Antioch in 186-but also in the sense that it is by no means obvious, from the surface meaning of the text, that the Holy Spirit is a divine Person. We naturally read back into the Bible the beliefs we already hold, each of us having been instructed in the Faith before ever picking up the
Bible. References to the Holy Spirit's divinity seem to jump out at us. If we imagine ourselves as ancient pagans or as present-day non-Christians, coming across the Bible for the first time, we realize that the status of the Holy Spirit is by no means clear. If we think of ourselves as having no recourse to divine Tradition and to the Magisterium of the Church, we can appreciate how easy it must have been for the early pneumatological heresies to arise."

Roger Olson and Christopher Hall in their book, The Trinity write:

"It is understandable that the importance placed on this doctrine is perplexing to many lay Christians and students. Nowhere is it clearly and unequivocally stated in Scripture. How can it be so important if it is not explicitly stated in Scripture? (p.1). The doctrine of the Trinity developed gradually after the completion of the N. T. in the heat of controversy. The full-blown doctrine of the Trinity was spelled out in the fourth century at two great ecumenical councils: Nicaea (324 AD) and Constantinople (381 AD)."

Robert A. Wagoner, in The Great Debate Regarding the Father, Son, & Holy Spirit, writes:

"The Bible has many verses which "teach" justification, "teach" repentance, "teach" baptism, "teach" the resurrection, but not one verse in the entire Bible “teaches” the doctrine of the Trinity. No verse describes it, explains it, or defines it. And no verse tells us to believe it. When one considers just how different the Trinitarian view is from the traditional Jewish view of God, you have to ask yourself, where are all the arguments to get the Jew to change his view? Why, when the Apostle Paul spends entire chapters getting the Jew to change his view of the law, isn’t there just one text to get the Jew to change his view of God? This vital, but missing piece, is the Trinity’s single biggest flaw.
The more I looked at the Trinity, the more I saw a doctrine rich in tradition, and passionately defended by brilliant and sincere people, but serverly weak in reason and badly wanting in Biblical support." (p. 88-89)

From Elbridge Gerry Brooks:

"But confining myself to the point before us, it is enough for me to ask if there is an intelligent man or woman to be found, who will say that the Trinitarian doctrine of Christ is a rational and consistent doctrine?—a doctrine that any thoughtful person can intelligently believe? I know how sensitive those who believe it are to any reflections to its disadvantage; but if I am speaking to any such, they must excuse me for pressing this question upon them: Is this Trinitarian doctrine a rational and consistent doctrine to you? Is there one present who can say that it is so? or who can say that he or she knows any body to whom it is so? The doctrine of the Trinity has been pronounced 'an outrage against our rational nature.' Certainly, it is an offence to all our ideas of what is reasonable or probable. 'Its three persons, constituting its one God, must either be frittered away into three unnecessary distinctions, into sounds signifying nothing, or they are three conscious agents, who cannot be made one being, with one consciousness and one will.' To say, then, that Christ is one of these three, and yet that with his two associates he is but one, is to contradict the very first principles of common-sense, and to assert what, as was said in our last discourse, is a mathematical impossibility."